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Counselling and Spirituality

Referencing and bibliographies

When writing a research paper, it is important to document every quotation, paraphrase and idea; this means citing your sources. Sources are of two types:

1) Notes in the text of the research (also known as footnotes, in text citations or end notes)

2) A bibliography, or list of works that were consulted during the research.

Everything needed to identify and find a text, whether an article, an exhibition catalogue or a regular book, is found in each citation. Whatever the bibliographic style, include author(s), title and subtitle, source (journal or book), page numbers, date; for monographs (books) the place and name of the publisher are also used.  Catalogue and database records can contain the information you need.

For details regarding when to cite, see the Academic Writing Centre's guide to avoiding plagiarism.

What style to use?
Each discipline uses its own method of documentation or citation style; ask your professor for a recommendation. There is no single correct form, but it is essential that consistency be observed in all entries.
For more information on citation styles and examples to help you create citations and references, consult the Citation Style Guide.

Zotero

Zotero is a free, easy-to-use tool to help you collect, organize, cite, and share your research sources. Zotero is the only research tool that automatically senses content in your web browser, allowing you to add it to your personal library with a single click. It will enable you to create citations and bibliographies quickly.

Consult the Zotero guide.

Citation manuals

Looking for an in-depth information for specific citation style?  

You can find all citation manuals at our Citation Station near the library reference desk!

APA citation style

Please consult these resources for the guidelines on APA citation style: